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Mughal India had a long history of mistress–maid homoeroticism, ambiguously gendered domestic laborers, and slave–servant–concubine continuum. European men in India initially mimicked Mughal elites and maintained harems with Indian bibis (concubines). British colonialism in India, however, led to the domestic transition from bibis to memsahibs (white women). Chapter 1 situates the creation of a new desexualized colonial caregiver, the ayah, in the growing British shame about interracial sex, concubinage, domestic slavery, and mixed-race children from the 1780s. The ayah, Chapter 1 argues, distinguished the respectable, racially pure British imperial home from hypersexualized Mughal households and from mixed-race slave-holding European Catholic households. The brown ayah was crucial for the production and reproduction of British imperial whiteness at a time of heightened racial and sexual anxiety. The desexualized racialized ayah thus erased the embarrassing prevalence of sexual and reproductive labors provided by South Asian women to British men. The final section of this chapter explores the lived experiences of colonial ayahs as they upheld the racial and sexual hierarchies of the British Empire.
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