Aeroponics has emerged as a strategic technology for producing high-quality seed potatoes; however, its scientific basis remains methodologically fragmented. This systematic and critical review analyses 29 experimental studies published between 2021 and 2025, selected using a PRISMA-based protocol, to evaluate methodological consistency, genetic representativeness, and transparency in the presentation of results in aeroponic potato research. The results reveal a strong geographic concentration (mainly in India and China) and limited inclusion of key potato-producing regions such as the Andes and Western Europe. Although more than 80 cultivars are reported, their distribution is highly skewed towards a few breeding programmes, limiting their global applicability. High variability was identified in the plant material, environmental conditions, system configuration, nutrient solution composition, and agronomic variables evaluated, frequently reported with inconsistent units and a lack of methodological detail. These limitations reduce reproducibility and hinder comparability between studies. This review highlights the urgent need to establish minimum reporting standards and proposes a structured framework to improve experimental consistency. Moving towards methodological harmonization is essential to enable robust data integration and consolidate aeroponics as a reliable technology for global potato seed production systems.