Introduction

Africa, undoubtedly, remains one of the continents adorned with numerous natural resources, and water is one of the major natural resources that occupies the continent. Like other people in different parts of the world, Africans depend on water for domestic, commercial, agricultural, and ecological purposes. However, these are only the barest uses of water. Research has shown water's social, political, and spiritual significance in African societies – indigenous and modern. The undeniable uses and significance of water resources notwithstanding, there are many problems affecting the effective use and management of water in Africa. Reported observations in the media and literature have pointed out the prevalence of wet and arid areas in Africa and how this affects management. There are also problems of environmental flooding, lack of access to water resources, and degradation, among others. In resolving the challenges associated with access and management of water resources, some scholars have pointed out the need to pay attention to river development. One author postulates that “rivers are most amenable for development and use, whether for human survival or economic advantage.” Meanwhile, studying rivers and their management and development has become essential in modern research because of their relevance in addressing challenges of access and management of water resources.

Rivers constitute an essential component of Africa and culture. As rivers all over the world are a vital component of Earth's hydrological cycle, African rivers shape landscapes, support ecosystems, and sustain human lives on the continent.