Coastal Halophytic Vegetation

doi:10.1017/9781316339701.025

22 - Coastal Halophytic Vegetation

from Part II - Vegetation Types

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 August 2026

Kerrylee Rogers,

Paul Boon,

Catherine Lovelock and

Neil Saintilan

Edited by

David A. Keith

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David A. Keith: Affiliation:
University of New South Wales, Sydney

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Summary

Coastal halophytes are plants of the coastal zone that are capable of growing and reproducing under saline conditions. Mostly they occur in areas subject to tidal inundation, though may also occur on headlands where salt spray elevates soil salinity. Mangrove and saltmarsh are the primary plant communities occupying the saline intertidal zone of Australia. Mangrove diversity is greatest in the tropics and saltmarsh diversity greatest in temperate zones. Coastal halophytes are most extensive where tidal conditions facilitate the development of a sedimentary substrate for plant establishment and growth. Over time, strong zonation can develop within the tidal frame. Where mangrove and saltmarsh co-occur saltmarsh is typically positioned higher in the tidal frame and thus is subject to less frequent inundation. Seagrass beds often adjoin mangrove in the lower intertidal and sub-tidal zones where environmental conditions are suitable. Mangrove and saltmarsh plants exhibit unique adaptations that enable them to establish and grow within the harsh conditions created by tidal inundation, conditions typified by recurrent waterlogging, elevated salinity and anaerobic substrate. Common adaptations include mechanisms to exclude, extrude or store salt ions, and unique root morphologies that improve stability and create aerated rhizospheres around the roots. Coastal halophyte communities have responded over geological timescales to fluctuating sea levels by shifting their distribution and by accumulating sediments. More recently, coastal halophytes have increasingly succumbed to habitat change and exploitation, both globally and in Australia, with large areas of former mangrove or saltmarsh lost to development. A shift to ecosystem-based management and policy aims to protect increasingly valued ecosystem services provided by coastal halophytes by reversing their loss and degradation. However, losses of coastal halophyte communities are likely to continue in the 21st century due to the effect of climate change on sea-levels, higher air and sea temperatures, and a suite of related impacts on primary productivity. Adaptation to climate change should aim to limit further losses of coastal halophyte vegetation, and urgently improve or restore ecosystem services provided by these highly valuable coastal plant communities.

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Type: Chapter
Information: Australian Vegetation , pp. 544 - 569
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316339701.025 [Opens in a new window]
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

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