Mild Cognitive Impairment across the Dementias

doi:10.1017/9781108985055.014

Chapter 14 - Mild Cognitive Impairment across the Dementias

from Section 2 - The Dementias

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 November 2025

Ronald C. Petersen

Edited by

Bruce L. Miller and

Bradley F. Boeve

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Bruce L. Miller: Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
Bradley F. Boeve: Affiliation:
Mayo Clinic, Minnesota

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Summary

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive changes from previous levels of performance, often seen as a transitional state between normal aging and dementia. It can be caused by various factors such as Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body disorders, vascular disease, and other neurodegenerative conditions. The prevalence of MCI increases with age, and the progression rate to dementia is approximately 15-20% per year. Pharmacologic treatments for MCI, particularly those targeting Alzheimer’s disease, have limited efficacy. Non-pharmacologic interventions like aerobic exercise and cognitive stimulation may have some benefits. Biomarkers, particularly plasma markers, are being used to diagnose and predict the progression of MCI to dementia. A combination of biomarkers like P-tau 181 and NfL has shown promise in predicting progression. MCI remains a useful construct in clinical practice and research for identifying individuals at risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

Keywords

mild cognitive impairment (MCI)neurodegenerative disorders biomarkers plasma markers p-tau 181 NfL (neurofilament light) chain progression from MCI to dementia combination therapy

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Type: Chapter
Information: The Behavioral Neurology of Dementia , pp. 215 - 238

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108985055.014 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2025

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Content Navigation

Table of contents navigation
Allows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.

Index navigation
Provides an interactive index, letting you go straight to where a term or subject appears in the text without manual searching.

Reading Order & Textual Equivalents

Single logical reading order
You will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.

Short alternative textual descriptions
You get concise descriptions (for images, charts, or media clips), ensuring you do not miss crucial information when visual or audio elements are not accessible.

Visual Accessibility

Use of colour is not sole means of conveying information
You will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.

Structural and Technical Features

ARIA roles provided
You gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.