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2 - Indicating Preliminaries

Present Referents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2026

Scott K. Liddell
Affiliation:
Gallaudet University, Washington DC
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Summary

Early analysts proposed that indicating signs do not indicate. They proposed instead that these signs are directed toward meaningful spatial loci. These analyses are inadequate, however, because they misrepresent the data in their analyses. This chapter argues instead that signers gesturally direct indicating pronouns toward their referents and gesturally direct indicating verbs toward referents that elaborate the verb’s trajector, landmark, or both. More specifically, regardless of the referent’s direction and height with respect to the signer, signers direct the articulations toward specific parts of the referent’s body, with a typical range from the mid-torso to the face. The chapter also examines proposals that utilize spatial loci to account for the articulations of pronouns and verbs that make first person reference. Once again, articulatory details demonstrate the inadequacies of these proposals. This chapter argues instead that gestural indicating plays no role in first person reference; that signs that make first person reference have lexically determined forms. Some first person pronouns and verbs are fully specified, nonindicating lexical forms. Others have the additional ability to indicate not first person referents.

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  • Indicating Preliminaries
  • Scott K. Liddell, Gallaudet University, Washington DC
  • Book: Beyond Grammar and the Lexicon
  • Online publication: 27 March 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009646703.003
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  • Indicating Preliminaries
  • Scott K. Liddell, Gallaudet University, Washington DC
  • Book: Beyond Grammar and the Lexicon
  • Online publication: 27 March 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009646703.003
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Indicating Preliminaries
  • Scott K. Liddell, Gallaudet University, Washington DC
  • Book: Beyond Grammar and the Lexicon
  • Online publication: 27 March 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009646703.003
Available formats
×