Expanding on the two viewpoints introduced in Chapter 1, this chapter establishes the conversation within fundamental psychological theories. Social Comparison Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and the Hierarchical Model of Physical Self-Concept are introduced as frameworks for comprehending the motivational and anxiety-inducing components of fitness technology. The theoretical foundation provided will guide the analysis in subsequent chapters by connecting theory with empirical data on the psychological effects of fitness technology.

The integration of fitness technology into daily life is evident, as wearable devices, fitness apps, and social media platforms motivate users to establish and monitor goals, track progress, and participate in community-centered fitness endeavors (Woessner et al., 2021). It is crucial to analyze the theoretical frameworks that elucidate human motivation, self-evaluation, and social behavior in order to comprehend the intricate psychological impacts of these technologies. The chapter elucidates three fundamental theories—Social Comparison Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and the Hierarchical Model of Physical Self-Concept—each providing significant perspectives on the impact of fitness technology on users’ mental well-being, self-image, and concerns related to the body.