Book contents
- Bias!
- Bias!
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Synopsis
- Contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- Chapter 1All at Sea
- Chapter 2Are Scientists Inherently Biased?
- Chapter 3Biased Research in Recent Times – Even among Some of the Brightest
- Chapter 4Bias in the Research Question Asked
- Chapter 5Research Participation Bias
- Chapter 6Bias in Study Subjects
- Chapter 7Compared to What?
- Chapter 8Bias in the Study Conduct
- Chapter 9Bias in the Conduct of Animal Studies
- Chapter 10Bias in Statistical Analysis
- Chapter 11Bias in Study Interpretation
- Chapter 12Bias in the Dissemination of Study Results
- Chapter 13Bias in Pooling Data from Multiple Studies
- Chapter 14Bias in Randomized Controlled Trials
- Chapter 15Bias in Genetic Studies
- Chapter 16Bias in Pandemic Studies
- Chapter 17Bias in Pharmaco-epidemiology Studies
- Chapter 18Recognizing and Mitigating Bias
- 19Afterword
- Notes and Sources
- Index
Chapter 16 - Bias in Pandemic Studies
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
Book contents
- Bias!
- Bias!
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Synopsis
- Contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- Chapter 1All at Sea
- Chapter 2Are Scientists Inherently Biased?
- Chapter 3Biased Research in Recent Times – Even among Some of the Brightest
- Chapter 4Bias in the Research Question Asked
- Chapter 5Research Participation Bias
- Chapter 6Bias in Study Subjects
- Chapter 7Compared to What?
- Chapter 8Bias in the Study Conduct
- Chapter 9Bias in the Conduct of Animal Studies
- Chapter 10Bias in Statistical Analysis
- Chapter 11Bias in Study Interpretation
- Chapter 12Bias in the Dissemination of Study Results
- Chapter 13Bias in Pooling Data from Multiple Studies
- Chapter 14Bias in Randomized Controlled Trials
- Chapter 15Bias in Genetic Studies
- Chapter 16Bias in Pandemic Studies
- Chapter 17Bias in Pharmaco-epidemiology Studies
- Chapter 18Recognizing and Mitigating Bias
- 19Afterword
- Notes and Sources
- Index
Summary
All of the data needed to examine and model an epidemic are difficult to obtain with any accuracy, during a pandemic. This includes: case fatality, calculating the number of infections, estimating the effective reproduction number (R, how many additional cases will be infected by a single case), the incubation period (time from infection to symptoms), and the serial interval (time from start of symptoms in the infector to symptoms starting in the infectee). The COVID-19 pandemic is used to demonstrate these difficulties. Secondary health effects are an important consequence of pandemics and bias in these studies is discussed, as is pandemic modeling.
Information
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- Information
- Bias!How Systemic Error Threatens Biomedical Research, pp. 151 - 160Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2026
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