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Afterword

A Fundamental Problem with Projects or Project Management?

from Part III - Practical Tips

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 November 2025

Lavagnon A. Ika
Affiliation:
University of Ottawa
Jeffrey K. Pinto
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
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Summary

I read all the chapters, essential for engaging in an Afterword. I engaged as a sociological social theorist, long interested in power relations in organizations, who has contributed to the field of management and organization studies but currently works in a School of Project Management. I first encountered projects in the work of Alfred Schütz, as undergraduate reading in sociological theory. His phenomenological understanding of projects grounds much of my thinking about them. I conceptualized the role of contracts in projects as a form of coding that seeks to impose standing conditions on an open system in order to try and make it stable and closed. In a word, contracts work as autopoiesis. The endeavour is always in vain wherever events intrude. It is from this perspective that I review the ‘Five Hands’ debate. I regard the debate sociologically as a series of accounts. In doing this, some curious causality is revealed. From these auspices the chapter proceeds to discuss the central debate as a battlefield of ideas. It does so prior to considering each chapter in terms of the framing advanced. Finally, seven conclusions reposition project management studies, encapsulate the argument of the Afterword.

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