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11 - Recursion in Sign Languages

from Part II - Issues of Labeling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2026

Kleanthes K. Grohmann
Affiliation:
University of Cyprus
Evelina Leivada
Affiliation:
Arctic University of Norway
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Summary

This vignette shows that label preserving self-embedding, which creates an XP-within-XP configuration, is attested in sign languages, although this configuration can be created by operations that are not available in spoken languages and involve the grammatical use of space. Three domains are considered: simple NP-within-NP recursion, relative clause stacking (a more complex case of NP-within-NP recursion), and sentential embedding (being a case of CP-within-CP). A new diagnostic, called “the prefer-test,” is used to prove the presence of label preserving self-embedding in ambiguous cases. The findings reported in this vignette support the view that wherever there is language, there is (label-preserving) self-embedding, even in environments that in principle make this configuration hard to process.

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