For the last 150 years, schizophrenia has been considered a brain disease leading to a cognitive impairment. A widespread representation of schizophrenia considers it a form of mental deficit. This chapter evaluates to what extent schizophrenia corresponds to a standard folk-psychological notion of disease (onset, pathological process, insight into illness, etc.). Parnas and Zandersen present examples of phenomenological characteristics of schizophrenia that question its status as a typical disease. Specifically, they portray the affliction of the subject (self-disorder), an affliction that prevents a full insight into illness. Self-disorders typically begin during childhood and adolescence, and dating the onset of schizophrenia becomes a conceptual rather than an empirical issue. Next, the authors discuss a characteristic configuration of psychosis, namely the phenomenon of “double bookkeeping” that implies a persistent parallel double orientation to both a social reality and a private psychotic world. Finally, they look at some characteristics of course and outcome that do not conform to a standard notion of disease. The authors conclude that to progress in our scientific research, psychiatry needs to refocus its interest on the issues of subjectivity and psychological processes involved in schizophrenia.