Citizenship deprivation is often justified as a symbolic sanction that helps to reassert the values of the national community. From this perspective, those who are deprived of their citizenship are people whose bad conduct is deemed to threaten the nation-state. By nation-state, I mean the state as a sovereign, self-governing political community held together by narratives of togetherness. As with empires, the nation-state has been populated by many categories of citizens, with varying rights and duties. How were these categories created and justified? What was their status in law and what were the relationships between them? What purposes did they serve? These are the questions that this chapter focuses on. These categories of citizens included, at different times, not only the politically (in)active citizen, women, slaves, the ‘crazy’, the poor, the criminal, and the Catholic priest but also the foreigner who was granted citizen’s rights without shedding his or her foreign status or the ‘second-generation citizen’ whose claim to belonging and rights was deemed suspicious.