THE RICH SEAM of Cavendish family poetry exists in the form of manuscript writings by William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, and his daughters Jane and Elizabeth, as well as in printed volumes by his second wife, Margaret (Jane and Elizabeth's step-mother). Jane and Elizabeth's verse originally appears in what Alexandra Bennett refers to as "two handsomely bound, presentation-style manuscript volumes" in the hand of their father's secretary, John Rolleston. Internal references suggest that the contents of both were mostly composed in the mid-1640s. The earlier of the two manuscripts, held in the Beinecke Library, presents the poems along with A Pastorall; the later one, held in the Bodleian Library, adds eight more poems and a further drama, The concealed Fansyes. British Library, MS Additional 32497 consists chiefly of poems written by William to Margaret during their courtship (which began after they met in April 1645) and shortly after their marriage some time before December 20, 1645. The courtship poems—mostly transcribed by a secretary but with evidence of William's intervention—are printed by Douglas Grant in his edited collection, The Phanseys of William Cavendish (1956). Meanwhile, several manuscripts in the Portland Collection at the University of Nottingham contain "scribal copies and authorial drafts" of verse by William ranging from the Caroline period to shortly before his death in 1676.