Between 1858 and 1862, the African Civilization Society, led by Henry Highland Garnet and Martin Delany, sought to reorient the Atlantic cotton economy and undermine American slavery by planting a Black emigrant cotton-producing colony in the Niger Delta. They insisted that trade with cotton-hungry Great Britain would release Britain from its shameful complicity as the globe’s dominant consumer of slave cotton and help Britain pay down its debt to Africa and people of African descent. To these Afro-pragmatists, this new Black market, harnessing the very market mechanisms that constrained Black life under US slavery, would fund the development of a commercially sovereign Black nation, launching Black commercial modernity and, with it, Black cultural ascendence and geopolitical respect. This chapter traces the interwoven economic, moral, religious, racial, and imperial matrices of this Black market. While this book’s other chapters focus on complicity as a moral problem, this chapter examines complicity as a racial, political economic, and rhetorical resource.