Chapter 6, Thinking Persons, begins with a review of how thinking has been conceptualized throughout history. We then present two contemporary ideas of how to think about thinking. According to the first idea, thinking is a wholly internal activity that takes place in the brain. The brain is seen as a computational and representational system, in analogy to digital computers. Connected to this view are debates about how thoughts and other mental activities and properties can be represented in people’s minds or brains. According to the second idea, thinking takes place in an interactive and dynamic system that includes the individual’s body and surroundings. The two ideas are based in different definitions of “thinking.” Internalism sees it as something that could only occur inside a person’s brain. Contextualism sees it as something that may include tools, other people, and other things outside the person. The chapter ends with a comparison of how these ideas about thinking fit with a view of human beings as socially contextualized persons.