Deterrence also operates through a belief among potential immigrants that they need time to build sufficient socioeconomic status (SES) and social ties in their country of origin with which they can prove to foreign governments, family, and others in the country of origin they will return to their country when applying for an NIV and therefore enhance the opportunities they have to travel abroad. Many repeatedly defer migrating abroad because they devote time accumulating SES and social ties to meet several expectations of society, like the expectation that adult children complete a college education, obtain a “respectable” and stable job, purchase a home with a mortgage, marry, have and raise children, work enough to afford paying for the mortgage and sending their child to university, and increasingly take care of their parents as they age – all of which effectively tie up and therefore ground many individuals from going abroad. Others deterred from applying for a visa later often become especially eager to intentionally provide their children with preimmigration support to go abroad as what I conceptualize as second-generation emigrants.