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Chapter 21 - Can Empathy Guide Ethical AI?

Opportunities, Challenges, and the Path Forward

from Part IV - Moral Implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2026

Anat Perry
Affiliation:
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
C. Daryl Cameron
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
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Summary

If artificial agents can behave empathically, could this contribute to the development of more ethical AI systems? This question becomes especially important and timely with the speed of development and increasing use-cases in AI, has been raising concerns about their ethical use. In this chapter, I tried to give a nuanced exploration of different components of computational empathy, and the opportunities and challenges they present on different stages of the moral decision-making process. Rather than offering a simple “yes” or “no” answer, it suggests that the integration of empathy into AI systems depends on which components are employed and when. The chapter reviews existing research on empathy’s connection to moral and ethical behavior in humans, followed by a critical examination of how these insights could be applied to artificial agents.

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