Book contents
- Essential Evidence-Based Medicine
- Essential Evidence-Based Medicine
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Authors
- Contributors
- Preface
- Foreword to the Second Edition
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1A brief history of medicine and statistics
- Chapter 2What is evidence-based medicine?
- Chapter 3Causation
- Chapter 4The health care literature: an overview
- Chapter 5Scientific integrity and the responsible conduct of research
- Chapter 6Study design and strength of evidence
- Chapter 7Searching for the evidence
- Chapter 8Instruments and measurements: precision and validity
- Chapter 9Sources of bias
- Chapter 10Review of basic statistics
- Chapter 11Hypothesis testing
- Chapter 12Type I errors and number needed to treat
- Chapter 13Negative studies and Type II errors
- Chapter 14Risk assessment
- Chapter 15Adjustment and multivariable analysis
- Chapter 16Randomized clinical trials
- Chapter 17Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- Chapter 18Critical appraisal of qualitative research studies
- Chapter 19Applicability and strength of evidence
- Chapter 20Communicating evidence to patients
- Chapter 21Evidence-based medicine and the media
- Chapter 22An overview of decision making in medicine
- Chapter 23Sources of error in the clinical encounter
- Chapter 24The use of diagnostic tests
- Chapter 25Utility and characteristics of diagnostic tests: likelihood ratios, sensitivity, and specificity
- Chapter 26Bayes’ theorem, predictive values, post-test probabilities, and interval likelihood ratios
- Chapter 27Comparing tests and using ROC curves
- Chapter 28Incremental gain and the threshold approach to diagnostic testing
- Chapter 29Sources of bias and critical appraisal of studies of diagnostic tests
- Chapter 30Screening tests
- Chapter 31Survival analysis and studies of prognosis
- Chapter 32Decision analysis and quantifying patient values
- Chapter 33Cost-effectiveness analysis
- Chapter 34Practice guidelines and clinical prediction rules
- Book part
- Glossary
- Acronyms
- Bibliography
- Index
Chapter 28 - Incremental gain and the threshold approach to diagnostic testing
Published online by Cambridge University Press: aN Invalid Date NaN
Book contents
- Essential Evidence-Based Medicine
- Essential Evidence-Based Medicine
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Authors
- Contributors
- Preface
- Foreword to the Second Edition
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1A brief history of medicine and statistics
- Chapter 2What is evidence-based medicine?
- Chapter 3Causation
- Chapter 4The health care literature: an overview
- Chapter 5Scientific integrity and the responsible conduct of research
- Chapter 6Study design and strength of evidence
- Chapter 7Searching for the evidence
- Chapter 8Instruments and measurements: precision and validity
- Chapter 9Sources of bias
- Chapter 10Review of basic statistics
- Chapter 11Hypothesis testing
- Chapter 12Type I errors and number needed to treat
- Chapter 13Negative studies and Type II errors
- Chapter 14Risk assessment
- Chapter 15Adjustment and multivariable analysis
- Chapter 16Randomized clinical trials
- Chapter 17Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- Chapter 18Critical appraisal of qualitative research studies
- Chapter 19Applicability and strength of evidence
- Chapter 20Communicating evidence to patients
- Chapter 21Evidence-based medicine and the media
- Chapter 22An overview of decision making in medicine
- Chapter 23Sources of error in the clinical encounter
- Chapter 24The use of diagnostic tests
- Chapter 25Utility and characteristics of diagnostic tests: likelihood ratios, sensitivity, and specificity
- Chapter 26Bayes’ theorem, predictive values, post-test probabilities, and interval likelihood ratios
- Chapter 27Comparing tests and using ROC curves
- Chapter 28Incremental gain and the threshold approach to diagnostic testing
- Chapter 29Sources of bias and critical appraisal of studies of diagnostic tests
- Chapter 30Screening tests
- Chapter 31Survival analysis and studies of prognosis
- Chapter 32Decision analysis and quantifying patient values
- Chapter 33Cost-effectiveness analysis
- Chapter 34Practice guidelines and clinical prediction rules
- Book part
- Glossary
- Acronyms
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
Calculating and the incremental diagnostic gain for a given clinical test result helps interpret how well the test performs. Important concepts for this process include threshold values for testing and treating, the use of multiple tests and the effect of independent and dependent tests on predictive values. Knowing basic test characteristics aid in solving clinical diagnostic problems.
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- Essential Evidence-Based Medicine , pp. 219 - 227Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2026
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