Divided Groups, Polarized Identities, and Extremist Behavior

doi:10.1017/9781009408165.008

7 - Divided Groups, Polarized Identities, and Extremist Behavior

The Role of Exclusion-Contingent Self and Identity Uncertainty

from Part II - Drivers of the Exclusion–Extremism Link

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 May 2024

Joseph A. Wagoner and

Edited by

Andrew H. Hales and

Michaela Pfundmair: Affiliation:
Federal University of Administrative Sciences, Germany
Andrew H. Hales: Affiliation:
University of Mississippi
Kipling D. Williams: Affiliation:
Purdue University, Indiana

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Summary

Feeling marginalized, silenced and excluded, as an individual or as a (sub)group within a collective, can make one feel uncertain about one’s self and identity and about “fitting in.” This feeling of uncertainty can be reduced by group identification – especially with a distinctive group that has a clearly defined, unambiguous, and homogenous social identity. Such groups and identities can sometimes be characterized as extremist. Excluded individuals may exit the larger group to identify with a different and possibly more extreme group, and the larger group may thus become less diverse and more homogeneous and extreme itself. Members of excluded subgroups can bond tightly together as a highly distinctive entity and identify strongly with it, a process that can fragment and polarize the larger group into oppositional or combative factions. In this chapter we draw upon an uncertainty identity theory framework to describe how exclusion can generate self and identity uncertainty, which is resolved by a process of identification that fragments groups and can produce extremist groups and identities.

Keywords

uncertainty social identity self extremism group processes

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Type: Chapter
Information: Exclusion and Extremism
A Psychological Perspective
, pp. 141 - 165
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009408165.008 [Opens in a new window]
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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