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5 - Trapped between Monetary Growth and Crowding Out

The 1970s Economic Policy Trilemma

from Part II - The Politics of Shrinking Policy Space

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2026

José Tomás Labarca
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Chapters 5 and 6 offer novel explanations of the politics of shrinking policy space in the 1970s by tracing how (i) structural changes in the economic and institutional environments, (ii) strategic interactions between policymakers, civil servants, trade unions, financial investors, and international organizations, among others, and (iii) specific policy and cognitive devices combined to constrain government elites’ perceived menu of available policy options. Chapter 5 studies the strategic interactions between policymakers intending to legitimize an active fiscal policy and uncooperative financial markets. It argues that the institutional and cognitive underpinnings of the relational setting of sovereign debt shaped government elites’ (and financial investors’) understandings of economic policy options, and proposes the notion of an economic policy trilemma to explain and theorize the way in which financial confidence became a binding constraint to government policy.

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