This chapter addresses the challenges of reintegrating returned service personnel into civilian life across three interconnected contexts. In the United States, the Veterans Administration committed significant resources to constructing new hospitals and training psychiatrists to confront the problem of returning neuropsychiatric casualties. In Britain, Civil Resettlement Units for repatriated prisoners of war sought to guide these returned men towards a successful civilian adjustment. Finally, in Australia, John Cade’s discovery of lithium’s therapeutic properties for mania emerged from both his work with patients in a veterans’ psychiatric hospital and his own wartime experiences in the Changi prisoner-of-war camp. In all three contexts, psychiatric expertise revealed tensions between therapeutic goals and practical limitations, as well as the status of veterans’ wartime suffering against the difficulties of their post-war adjustment.