In this final chapter, we summarise the main findings of the study, both on the broad scale in terms of human spoken interaction as a complex adaptive system, as well as in the narrow empirical focus on L2 interaction in this specific informal ELF setting. We then take the discussion further in relation to a number of methodological and theoretical issues which have arisen. The first is the use of self-similarity as a methodological principle, the second is in relation to our use of scales and multiple lenses and the third concerns the design of human talk. We then consider the implications of our study in terms of CDST research. Finally, we look at the limitations of the study and possible directions for future research using a CA-CDST approach.