This chapter takes up the question of how Australian settler colonists governed their own colonial empire in the Pacific and Australia’s Northern Territory. Australia’s vision of empire was to transform from ideal to practice, from the point of view not only of Melbourne bureaucrats who oversaw the colonial governments of each territory, but also if the ‘experts’ tasked with carrying out ‘Australian ideas’ of colonial governance themselves. Using the records of Australian Papua and the Northern Territory along with the private papers of some notable officials, the discussion contextualizes them with records from both public discourses of imperial governance in Australia (taken from newspapers, periodicals, journals, and books) and the growing literature about the ‘science’ of colonial administration emerging to support the training of an Australian colonial service. It ultimately reveals the inherently transcolonial nature of ‘scientific governance’ as well – a theory of colonial government articulated first by Australian officials in Papua that, later, would find application in the Northern Territory and eventually across other British and broader European colonial worlds.