In this book, we have interpreted the long-term economic trends of recent decades through the lens of structural dynamics, based on what the available data may (or may not) reveal. Clark’s (1940) analysis of capitalist economies, which established the foundation for the structuralist approach, identifies three dominant sectors at different stages of development: agriculture first, followed by manufacturing, and finally services. This approach has also been articulated in terms of dualistic development from the beginning: Lewis’s (1954) model highlighted the challenges that can arise in transitioning from ‘traditional’ to ‘advanced’ sectors and underscores the positive and active role the state can play in facilitating these transitions. Rosenstein-Rodan (1943) explicitly discussed the need for ‘big pushes’ by public authorities to avoid vicious circles that can hinder structural change, specifically towards industrialisation.