I began law school in the late 1980s, the last time a significant technological shift transformed at least one aspect of the practice of law. Then, digital search and desktop word processing served as the new technologies that changed the way lawyers went about their business. Before these technologies, lawyers typically produced work product on what are still referred to as legal pads, those yellow, 8.5 ʺ x 14ʺ sets of bound paper on which lawyers would write out all manner of work longhand, whether that was a letter to a client or adversary, or even a brief. The lawyer would hand the artifact to a secretary, who would then type up the document for the lawyer's review. It might go through several revisions before the finished product was completed, meaning the secretary would likely have to type the document out each time until it was ready for filing, mailing, and so on. Legal research was also done in an analog fashion, with lawyers combing through and poring over the statute books and unbound, advanced- sheet supplements; the reports of judicial decisions and the unbound pocket parts; and the volumes of Shepard's publications, that sprawling system that enabled lawyers to check the validity of the authorities they wished to cite in their briefs. This was a very visceral act: lawyers would seek out and hold the actual law books in their hands, law offices had physical libraries containing volumes and volumes of the content relevant to their practice, and lawyers would make regular trips to a local bar association or law school library that might contain a more extensive collection of works than that lawyer's own office might hold.