Book contents
- Marijuana and Madness
- Marijuana and Madness
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part IPharmacology of Cannabis and the Endocannabinoid System
- Part IIThe Changing Face of Cannabis
- Part IIICannabis and the Brain
- Part IVCannabis, Anxiety, and Mood
- Part VCannabis and Psychosis
- Part VICannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Aetiopathology and Treatment Implications
- Part VIICannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Aetiopathology and Treatment Implications
- Part VIIISpecial Topics
- Chapter 25Pre-natal Cannabis Exposure
- Chapter 26Cannabis Use and Violence
- Chapter 27Cannabis Withdrawal
- Chapter 28Cannabis and Addiction
- Chapter 29Tobacco Use among Individuals with Cannabis Use
- Chapter 30Cannabis Addiction Genetics
- Chapter 31Snoozing on Pot: Cannabis and Sleep
- Chapter 32Cannabinoids as Medicines
- Index
- References
Chapter 25 - Pre-natal Cannabis Exposure
Associations with Development and Behaviour
from Part VIII - Special Topics
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2023
Book contents
- Marijuana and Madness
- Marijuana and Madness
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part IPharmacology of Cannabis and the Endocannabinoid System
- Part IIThe Changing Face of Cannabis
- Part IIICannabis and the Brain
- Part IVCannabis, Anxiety, and Mood
- Part VCannabis and Psychosis
- Part VICannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Aetiopathology and Treatment Implications
- Part VIICannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Aetiopathology and Treatment Implications
- Part VIIISpecial Topics
- Chapter 25Pre-natal Cannabis Exposure
- Chapter 26Cannabis Use and Violence
- Chapter 27Cannabis Withdrawal
- Chapter 28Cannabis and Addiction
- Chapter 29Tobacco Use among Individuals with Cannabis Use
- Chapter 30Cannabis Addiction Genetics
- Chapter 31Snoozing on Pot: Cannabis and Sleep
- Chapter 32Cannabinoids as Medicines
- Index
- References
Summary
Rising rates of cannabis use during pregnancy and potential negative impacts on offspring health has generated concern. A small and equivocal, but rapidly developing, literature suggests that frequent and heavy pre-natal cannabis exposure (PCE) is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes (e.g., reduced birthweight and gestational age at birth) and may be associated with child psychopathology risk (e.g., externalizing behaviour and psychosis proneness, with less evidence linking PCE to internalizing problems and cognition). Non-human animal models suggest that PCE may causally influence these outcomes; however, in humans it remains unclear whether associations are independent of confounds (e.g., genetic and environmental liability). Mixed findings may be explained on the basis of small samples, limited phenotyping, stigma, confounds, and minimal consideration of timing and frequency of exposure. In particular, given that the central endocannabinoid type 1 receptor to which cannabis constituents bind are not known to be expressed in the foetus until the second half of the first trimester, it is possible that a lack of consideration of timing of exposure may explain null associations in some studies. Collectively, data highlight concerns that PCE is associated with adverse outcomes and suggest that cannabis use during pregnancy should be discouraged while more research is conducted.
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- Marijuana and Madness , pp. 267 - 278Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023
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