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23 - Aqueous alteration on Mars

from Part V - Synthesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

By
D. W. Ming ,
R. V. Morris  and
B. C. Clark
Edited by
Jim Bell
D. W. Ming
Affiliation:
NASA/JSC Code KX, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA
R. V. Morris
Affiliation:
NASA/JSC Code KR, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA
B. C. Clark
Affiliation:
Planetary Sciences Laboratory Lockheed Martin Aerospce MS 8001, PO Box 179 Denver, CO 80201, USA
Jim Bell
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
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Summary

ABSTRACT

Aqueous alteration is the change in composition of a rock, produced in response to interactions with H2O-bearing ices, liquids, and vapors by chemical weathering. A variety of mineralogical and geochemical indicators for aqueous alteration on Mars have been identified by a combination of surface and orbital robotic missions, telescopic observations, characterization of Martian meteorites, and laboratory and terrestrial analog studies. Mineralogical indicators for aqueous alteration include goethite (lander), jarosite (lander), kieserite (orbiter), gypsum (orbiter) and other Fe-, Mg-, and Ca-sulfates (landers), halides (meteorites, lander), phyllosilicates (orbiter, meteorites), hematite and nanophase iron oxides (telescopic, orbiter, lander), and Fe-, Mg-, and Ca-carbonates (meteorites). Geochemical indicators (landers only) for aqueous alteration include Mg-, Ca-, and Fe-sulfates, halides, and secondary aluminosilicates such as smectite. Based upon these indicators, several styles of aqueous alteration have been suggested on Mars. Acid-sulfate weathering (e.g., formation of jarosite, gypsum, hematite, and goethite) may occur during (1) the oxidative weathering of ultramafic igneous rocks containing sulfides, (2) sulfuric acid weathering of basaltic materials, and (3) acid-fog (i.e., vapors rich in H2SO4) weathering of basaltic or basaltic-derived materials. Near-neutral or alkaline alteration occurs when solutions with pH near or above 7 move through basaltic materials and form phases such as phyllosilicates and carbonates. Very low water:rock ratios appear to have been prominent at most of the sites visited by landed missions because there is very little alteration (leaching) of the original basaltic composition (i.e., the alteration is isochemical or in a closed hydrologic system).

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The Martian Surface
Composition, Mineralogy and Physical Properties
 , pp. 519 - 540
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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  • Aqueous alteration on Mars
    • By D. W. Ming, NASA/JSC Code KX, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA, R. V. Morris, NASA/JSC Code KR, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA, B. C. Clark, Planetary Sciences Laboratory Lockheed Martin Aerospce MS 8001, PO Box 179 Denver, CO 80201, USA
  • Edited by Jim Bell, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: The Martian Surface
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536076.024
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  • Aqueous alteration on Mars
    • By D. W. Ming, NASA/JSC Code KX, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA, R. V. Morris, NASA/JSC Code KR, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA, B. C. Clark, Planetary Sciences Laboratory Lockheed Martin Aerospce MS 8001, PO Box 179 Denver, CO 80201, USA
  • Edited by Jim Bell, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: The Martian Surface
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536076.024
Available formats
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  • Aqueous alteration on Mars
    • By D. W. Ming, NASA/JSC Code KX, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA, R. V. Morris, NASA/JSC Code KR, Building 31, Room 120 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058, USA, B. C. Clark, Planetary Sciences Laboratory Lockheed Martin Aerospce MS 8001, PO Box 179 Denver, CO 80201, USA
  • Edited by Jim Bell, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: The Martian Surface
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536076.024
Available formats
×