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18 - Emission and Breakdown Phenomena

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2018

Richard G. Carter
Richard G. Carter
Affiliation:
Lancaster University
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Summary

Electron and X-ray emission and voltage breakdown caused by static, pulsed, and radio-frequency electric fields are important for the operation of vacuum tubes and also set limits to their performance. The physical principles of thermionic, field enhance, field, photo-electric and secondary electron emission from solid surfaces and the generation of X-rays are reviewed. The construction and properties of the principal types of thermionic cathode are described together with a brief review of cold cathodes employing field emission. Voltage breakdown may occur in vacuum tubes both inside and outside the vacuum envelope and through insulators. The physics of each type of electrostatic breakdown are reviewed. The theory of r.f. vacuum breakdown (multipactor) is discussed in detail both with and without the presence of a static magnetic field revealing the conditions under which a discharge may occur.

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Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources , pp. 694 - 734
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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