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14 - Travelling-Wave Tubes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2018

Richard G. Carter
Richard G. Carter
Affiliation:
Lancaster University
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Summary

In a travelling-wave tube amplifier (TWT) a linear electron beam interacts with the longitudinal r.f. electric field of a slow-wave structure. Approximate synchronism between the electrons and the wave on the structure is maintained over a wide band of frequencies in low power tubes using helix slow-wave structures. High power tubes using coupled-cavity structures have narrower bandwidths. The structure is divided into two or more sections by severs to prevent feedback oscillations in high gain tubes. The initial velocity of the electrons is slightly greater than the phase velocity of the wave on the structure. The mean velocity of the electrons decreases as some of their kinetic energy is transferred to the wave and the beam becomes bunched. The power output saturates when the velocity of the bunches is equal to the velocity of the wave. The saturated output power can be increased by tapering the output end structure to reduce its phase velocity. Small- and large-signal modelling gives understanding of the principles of operation of a TWT including the factors affecting efficiency. The design of TWTs for octave bandwidth, multi-octave bandwidth, high efficiency, millimetre wave, and high power operation is considered in detail. Hybrid tubes are considered briefly.

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Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources , pp. 507 - 564
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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  • Travelling-Wave Tubes
  • Richard G. Carter, Lancaster University
  • Book: Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources
  • Online publication: 27 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511979231.015
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  • Travelling-Wave Tubes
  • Richard G. Carter, Lancaster University
  • Book: Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources
  • Online publication: 27 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511979231.015
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  • Travelling-Wave Tubes
  • Richard G. Carter, Lancaster University
  • Book: Microwave and RF Vacuum Electronic Power Sources
  • Online publication: 27 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511979231.015
Available formats
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