This chapter examines the arguments regarding variation in the outcomes pertaining to interstate threat and intrastate conflict. The results show that states with strong but incongruent support groups are more prone to experience interstate threat and the escalation of civil war, as rivals attempt wedge strategies and supporters attempt control strategies. Additional analyses find that states which are caught in the midst of stark intergroup rivalries are more likely to experience aggressive wedge strategies before they further tighten their support relationships. The twilight of the Cold War, and especially the evolution of the Central American case, further demonstrates the roles that security assistance can play in igniting and sustaining proxy wars.