Agyeya’s Hindi Worlds between Engagement and Renunciation
from Part I - Estrangement
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 July 2026
Drawn from a slight, icy novel of the towering Hindi poet Agyeya, a key figure of experimental poetry and modernist poetics in India, Chapter 2 focuses on the exit – or the form of renunciation – as a preoccupation of postcolonial literature. The novel To Each His Own Stranger (1961), written in India and revised and translated in Berkeley, California, is an exercise in the reconciliation of both Søren Kierkegaard’s Either/Or and Sartrean theories of being with the author’s heterodox reading of Hindu philosophy. This chapter argues for the late style – the exit – of Agyeya, explicitly different from the revolutionary subjectivity that characterizes his early magnum opus, the autobiographical novel Shekhar: Ek jivani, and his expressionistic, poetic oeuvre (including the haiku). Drawing on this text alongside the writer’s notebooks, originally titled Men Without Shadows, from the English translation of Sartre’s play, I suggest that modernism here is understood as a preoccupation with new forms of selfhood, alongside forms of asceticism. Moreover, this exit by avalanche (also referred to as “Zen experiment”) traces a particular genealogy of postcolonial selfhood, from rebellion to renunciation.
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