Book contents
- Neandertal Skeletal Anatomy
- Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology
- Neandertal Skeletal Anatomy
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword The Importance of Anatomy for Understanding Neandertals: A Historical and Current Perspective
- Preface
- Part I Head and Neck
- Part II Axial Skeleton and Pelvic Girdle
- Part III Appendicular Skeleton
- Part IV Perspectives and Overviews
- 12 Growth and Development
- 13 Thermoregulation
- 14 Neandertal Paleopathology
- 15 Genetics
- Index
- References
13 - Thermoregulation
from Part IV - Perspectives and Overviews
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2026
Book contents
- Neandertal Skeletal Anatomy
- Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology
- Neandertal Skeletal Anatomy
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword The Importance of Anatomy for Understanding Neandertals: A Historical and Current Perspective
- Preface
- Part I Head and Neck
- Part II Axial Skeleton and Pelvic Girdle
- Part III Appendicular Skeleton
- Part IV Perspectives and Overviews
- 12 Growth and Development
- 13 Thermoregulation
- 14 Neandertal Paleopathology
- 15 Genetics
- Index
- References
Summary
Neandertals evolved in the larger environmental context of the cold climates of Middle Pleistocene western Eurasia, and therefore display specific morphological and metabolic adaptations, alongside cultural strategies, to thermoregulate and maintain body heat in the face of cold stress. These adaptations align with Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules, indicating that Neandertals had greater body masses and shorter limbs, traits conducive to minimizing heat loss. After the migration of Homo erectus into more temperate zones 1.8 million years ago, Neandertals developed cold adapted claviculo-humeral, brachial, and crural indices but also show regional variation in cold adaptation strategies among Neandertal populations across Europe and West Asia. Although evidence points toward these thermoregulatory adaptations in Neandertals, interpreting these traits as direct outcomes of climatic selection is complex due to the minimal impact of limb proportions on surface area and demonstrated influences of population history on patterns of body form.
Information
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Neandertal Skeletal AnatomyForm, Function and Paleobiology, pp. 292 - 307Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2026
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