X chromosome, estrogen, and brain development: implications for schizophrenia

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511735103.020

18 - X chromosome, estrogen, and brain development: implications for schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010

Michael Craig,

William Cutter,

Ray Norbury and

Declan Murphy

Edited by

Matcheri S. Keshavan,

James L. Kennedy and

Robin M. Murray

Show author details

Michael Craig: Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
William Cutter: Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
Ray Norbury: Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
Declan Murphy: Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
Matcheri S. Keshavan: Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
James L. Kennedy: Affiliation:
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto
Robin M. Murray: Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London

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Summary

The neurodevelopmental theory is now regarded by many psychiatrists as a dominant explanatory model of schizophrenia. In order to evaluate this model critically, it is important to understand how the normal brain develops and changes across the lifespan. The important factors, reviewed in this chapter, include the sex chromosomes and sex steroids. The chapter offers evidence that sex chromosomes and sex steroids (in particular estrogen) significantly modulate the structure and function of normal brain, and this is considered when forming developmental theories of schizophrenia, when attempting to explain sex differences in schizophrenia, and when considering the role of sex steroids in the genesis and treatment of schizophrenia. It suggests that estrogen and the chromosome play a modulatory role in brain maturation, and their mechanism of action needs to be understood in order to place the neurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia in context.

Keywords

brain development chromosome estrogen X chromosome sex differences schizophrenia

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Type: Chapter
Information: Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia , pp. 330 - 346
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511735103.020 [Opens in a new window]
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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