Imaging has become essential to the field of neurosurgery and has evolved significantly since the invention of the X-ray in 1895. Following the introduction of the X-ray, imaging techniques including ventriculography, myelography, encephalography and angiography revolutionized the field of neurosurgery by allowing for the visualization of intracranial and spinous structures not visible by clinical examination. Significant continued rapid advancements and implementation of new imaging techniques have occurred since the introduction of cross-sectional imaging, including CT and conventional MRI techniques. In recent years, imaging has become increasingly more sophisticated with the advent of DTI, functional imaging, radiogenomics, high-field strength MRI, and glymphatic imaging. Though imaging is already essential for diagnosis, presurgical planning, intra-operative guidance, post-surgical guidance, and surveillance, the possibilities offered by new imaging techniques will likely make neuroimaging even more central to the care and management of neurosurgical patients in the future. Our chapter provides a brief review of the history of available techniques and advanced imaging methods.