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Chapter 3 - The Challenges of Diversity

Lowered Trust, Fragmentation, and Intergroup Conflict

from Part I - Understanding the New Immigration Challenge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2026

Fathali M. Moghaddam,
Margaret J. Hendricks and
Raimundo Salas-Schweikart
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Affiliation:
Georgetown University, Washington DC
Margaret J. Hendricks
Affiliation:
US Citizenship and Immigration Services Agency
Raimundo Salas-Schweikart
Affiliation:
Georgetown University, Washington DC
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Summary

This chapter examines the complex relationship between declining trust, increasing ethnic diversity, and immigration in contemporary societies. Exploring psychological mechanisms such as stereotypes, prejudices, intergroup contact, and perceived threat, the chapter reveals how diversity can challenge and foster societal trust under certain conditions. Theories, including social identity, realistic conflict, and contact hypothesis, illustrate how intergroup perceptions shape trust, especially when natives view immigrants through lenses of ingroup/outgroup distinctions, competition, and cultural threat. While stereotypes and prejudices often undermine trust, structured intergroup contact has shown potential to counteract these adverse effects. Furthermore, the chapter argues that policies promoting inclusive intergroup interaction, equal treatment in labor markets, and educational initiatives can cultivate mutual understanding and trust. By aligning immigration and social policies with these insights, societies can mitigate trust erosion and create a foundation for social cohesion amidst increasing diversity.

Keywords

Trust, diversityintergroup relationsstereotypesperceived threatimmigration

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Chapter
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The New Immigration Challenge
A Psychological Exploration Toward Solutions
 , pp. 43 - 64
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2026

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