THIS STUDY HAS explored the terms in the Ormulum that have been identified as Norse-derived since the text was catapulted to centre-stage in discussions on the lexical effects of Anglo-Scandinavian linguistic contacts following the publication of Brate’s (1885) foundational work. While the Scandinavian component of Orrm’s lexis has attracted much scholarly attention since the late nineteenth century because of its significance for our understanding of the impact that Old Norse had on the evolution of the English language, the analysis presented here has departed from previous works in significant ways:

• 1. Accuracy of the edition: This study has been facilitated by the availability of a new, much more accurate edition of the Ormulum by Johannesson and Cooper (2023); this edition has been shown to have important implications for etymological decisions (see, e.g., <apperr>, p. 109). Similarly, it has already encouraged further lexical work in connection with the text’s native and French-derived terms (see Dance, forthcoming b; Skaffari, forthcoming) and Orrm’s Latin (Honkapohja, forthcoming).

• 2. Systematicity and comparability, facilitated by recent methodological advances and new resources: The evidence that one can rely on for the identification of Norse-derived terms and the significance that scholars place on the different types of evidence (particularly when phonology and/or inflectional morphology are not involved) vary considerably. The Gersum taxonomy (Dance, Pons-Sanz, and Schorn 2019) has provided a way to move the debate forward by allowing for unprecedented systematicity in the classification of the terms, even if scholars then disagree on where to place the cut-off point regarding the terms that they are happy to consider Norse-derived. This etymological systematicity and its semantic counterpart in HTE enable comparisons across studies in ways that were simply not possible before because of the difficulties involved in the replicability of the analysis. As a result, the use of the Gersum taxonomy in the etymological backbone of this study has made clear that, while a very large proportion of the lexicon in the Ormulum (i.e., approx.