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Chapter 23 - Birth Injuries

from Part IV - SPECIAL ISSUES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2010

John Patrick O'Grady,
Martin L. Gimovsky,
Lucy A. Bayer-Zwirello and
Kevin Giordano
John Patrick O'Grady
Affiliation:
Tufts University, Massachusetts
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Summary

This chapter presents an overview of both maternal and infant birth injuries, considering their etiology, potential methods of avoidance, and critiques of current obstetric practices. The more significant maternal complications of parturition include birth canal lacerations, episiotomy extensions, other perineal or rectal injuries, and various degrees of intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage. Certain clinical settings predispose to birth injury, including labor stimulation, dystocia/macrosomia, preterm delivery, the diagnosis of acute fetal jeopardy from any cause, and instrumental or cesarean delivery. Superficial maternal birth canal injuries such as soft-tissue abrasions, ecchymoses, or small lacerations are common enough to be considered normal. Vaginal and cervical lacerations, urinary tract dysfunction, uterine infection, uterine rupture are other specific maternal birth injuries discussed in the chapter. The most common direct fetal injury after maternal blunt trauma is a cranial fracture.

Keywords

cervical lacerationscesarean deliveryfetal injurylabor stimulationurinary tract dysfunctionmaternal birth injuriesinfant birth injuriesinstrumental deliveryuterine rupture

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Operative Obstetrics , pp. 725 - 786
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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