Original City, Original Sin King, the Klan, and the Fight for Civil Rights in St. Augustine, Florida
Book contents
- Original City, Original Sin
- Reviews
- Original City, Original Sin
- Copyright page
- Frontispiece
- Dedication
- Contents
- Cast of Characters, 1963–64
- Introduction: The Story behind the Story
- Part I The Ever-Present Past
- Part II From Back to School to Burning Crosses
- 6 School Bells Ringing
- 7 Black Church, White Church
- 8 Happy Anniversary
- 9 Mighty Sweet
- 10 A Little Spy Work
- Part III Tragedy in American History
- Part IV The Hard Goodbye that Proves Impossible
- Part V The First Wave Crashes into St. Augustine
- Part VI Extraordinarily Harrowed
- Part VII The Pen vS. the Sword
- Epilogue: What Must Be Remembered
- Figures
- Acknowledgments
- Newspaper Abbreviations
- Notes
- Index
6 - School Bells Ringing
August 29–September 3, 1963 (St. Augustine)
from Part II - From Back to School to Burning Crosses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 October 2026
Book contents
- Original City, Original Sin
- Reviews
- Original City, Original Sin
- Copyright page
- Frontispiece
- Dedication
- Contents
- Cast of Characters, 1963–64
- Introduction: The Story behind the Story
- Part I The Ever-Present Past
- Part II From Back to School to Burning Crosses
- 6 School Bells Ringing
- 7 Black Church, White Church
- 8 Happy Anniversary
- 9 Mighty Sweet
- 10 A Little Spy Work
- Part III Tragedy in American History
- Part IV The Hard Goodbye that Proves Impossible
- Part V The First Wave Crashes into St. Augustine
- Part VI Extraordinarily Harrowed
- Part VII The Pen vS. the Sword
- Epilogue: What Must Be Remembered
- Figures
- Acknowledgments
- Newspaper Abbreviations
- Notes
- Index
Summary
Chapter 6 is the first chapter of Part 2. It resumes the forward trajectory of the book after the March on Washington, covering the dates of August 29-September 3, 1963.
It focuses first on the coverage of the March in the local newspaper. Tellingly, the page 1 picture features a caption about the trash left behind after the march—rather than the significance of what had taken place.
Labor Day weekend in St. Augustine includes some protests at the Plaza. Police use dogs and cattle prods, and a number of people are arrested, including Robert Hayling.
The school year begins on Tuesday. At still-segregated Murray High School, the absence of the St. Augustine Four (Audrey Nell Edwards, JoeAnn Anderson, Willie Carl Singleton, and Samuel White) is conspicuous. At the Fullerwood Elementary School, fourth grader Irwin Brunson has his first day and begins to sense the difficulty of the journey ahead.
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- Original City, Original SinKing, the Klan, and the Fight for Civil Rights in St. Augustine, Florida, pp. 59 - 61Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2026
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