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5 - Nomads of War and Peace II

The Ethnography of Hunter-Gatherers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2026

Hugo Meijer
Affiliation:
Sciences Po, Paris
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Summary

This chapter examines patterns of intergroup lethal conflict and peaceful cooperation among nomadic hunter-gatherers based on comparative, cross-cultural ethnographic data. It assesses the validity of the ‘deep roots’ and ‘shallow roots’ of war theses, analysing peaceful practices such as the use of messengers; conflict prevention, management, and resolution; truce- and peace-making; deterrence signalling; alliance formation; and peacetime espionage, as well as networks of exchange. Drawing on a carefully selected sample of nomadic foragers who had no contact with non-forager societies, the chapter shows that nomadic hunter-gatherers both waged war and developed a large repertoire of diplomatic practices to sustain peaceful intergroup cooperation.

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