Book contents
- Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
- Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1General Critical Care
- Section 2Infectious Disease Emergencies
- 5Covid-19
- 6Sepsis and Septic Shock
- 7Pneumonia
- 8Meningitis and Encephalitis
- 9Infective Endocarditis
- 10Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
- 11Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- Section 3Neurological Emergencies
- Section 4Cardiovascular Emergencies
- Section 5Respiratory Emergencies
- Section 6Gastrointestinal Emergencies
- Section 7Renal Emergencies
- Section 8Hematology–Oncology Emergencies
- Section 9Endocrine Emergencies
- Section 10Environmental Emergencies
- Section 11Trauma
- Section 12End of Life
- Index
- References
9 - Infective Endocarditis
from Section 2 - Infectious Disease Emergencies
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 November 2023
Book contents
- Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
- Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1General Critical Care
- Section 2Infectious Disease Emergencies
- 5Covid-19
- 6Sepsis and Septic Shock
- 7Pneumonia
- 8Meningitis and Encephalitis
- 9Infective Endocarditis
- 10Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
- 11Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- Section 3Neurological Emergencies
- Section 4Cardiovascular Emergencies
- Section 5Respiratory Emergencies
- Section 6Gastrointestinal Emergencies
- Section 7Renal Emergencies
- Section 8Hematology–Oncology Emergencies
- Section 9Endocrine Emergencies
- Section 10Environmental Emergencies
- Section 11Trauma
- Section 12End of Life
- Index
- References
Summary
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the endothelial layer of the heart, the valves or both. The mitral valve is most commonly affected, except in patients with intravenous drug use (IVDU), where the tricuspid valve is more commonly affected. Risk factors include age, chronic hemodialysis, poor dentition, valvulopathy, immunocompromised status, diabetes, IVDU, prosthetic valve and implanted cardiac devices. More than 50% of cases of IE occur in patients older than 60 years.
The majority of cases are due to Gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. In patients with negative blood cultures and no recent antibiotic use, the organisms are often the HACEK group (Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella). Approximately 50% of patients require surgical management.
Information
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- Information
- Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care , pp. 77 - 82Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023
References
Marx, JA, Hockberger, RS, Walls, RM, et al., eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice, 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier, 2018.Google Scholar
Tintinalli, JE, Stapczynski, JS, Cline, DM, et al., eds. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2016.Google Scholar
Habib, G, Lancellotti, P, Antunes, MJ, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Infective Endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2015;36(44):3075–3128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, A, Gaca, JG, Chu, VH. Management considerations in infective endocarditis: A review. JAMA 2018;320(1):72–83. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.7596CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
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