Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 August 2026
This chapter develops the concept of standard explanatory patterns as a bottom-up approach to explanatory unification in the social sciences. While earlier chapters focused on valid unit-level causal inferences and explanations, here the emphasis shifts to knowledge accumulation across multiple cases. Building on the philosophical theme of explanatory unification, the chapter argues that standard explanatory patterns address the dual problems of bifurcation – between generalizing quantitative approaches and particularizing qualitative ones – and fragmentation – where diverse methods and theories produce insights that fail to cumulate. Standard explanatory patterns unify case-specific explanations by subsuming them under fundamental causal graphs that highlight shared causal processes while abstracting from idiosyncratic details. This framework allows scholars to retain the richness of individual explanations while also identifying common structures across cases. Three subtypes of standard explanatory patterns are defined: stacked, nested, and branching, each representing different relationships between fundamental and unit-level causal graphs. The chapter also introduces the concept of equivalence classes and explores the possibility of meta-level patterns that integrate multiple subtypes into higher-order abstractions.
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