Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 February 2026
Provides a review of how the standard model of cosmology is built up, emphasizing the interplay between theory and observations. The Robertson–Walker line element is derived and used to find the Friedmann equations. Elementary solutions are discussed. In this way the hot big bang model emerges. Its implications are discussed, especially the thermal history of the universe and the existence of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the main puzzles of the hot big bang model.
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