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4 - Movable Types

“Friend John Holt, the Liberty Printer” and “Jemmy” Rivington, the Purported Spy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 July 2026

Mark J. Noonan
Affiliation:
New York City College of Technology, CUNY
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Summary

This chapter examines the innovations of “Liberty Printer” John Holt as well as his heated rivalry with loyalist printer James Rivington. An organ of the Sons of Liberty, Holt’s New-York Journal orchestrated America’s first news distribution service, which publicized British abuses in Boston, helping unite the colonies against a new, common enemy. With the arrival of the British in 1776, Holt would print his newspaper, sporadically, on the run. These wartime issues reveal the chaos of war as well as Holt’s own dire straits as he continued to serve his constituents. In James Rivington, Holt found an equally talented rival. Rivington’s Gazetteer was a modern marvel, which served the Tory cause as fervently as the Journal served the Patriot cause. In examining the parallel lives and prints of Holt and Rivington, this chapter showcases their modern print innovations, elicits a sharper understanding of the role of wartime propaganda, and interrogates the complicated decision of allegiance for Loyalists, Patriots, and the many Americans who remained neutral throughout the duration of the war.

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  • Movable Types
  • Mark J. Noonan, New York City College of Technology, CUNY
  • Book: Revolutionary Ink
  • Online publication: 16 July 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009700146.005
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  • Movable Types
  • Mark J. Noonan, New York City College of Technology, CUNY
  • Book: Revolutionary Ink
  • Online publication: 16 July 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009700146.005
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Movable Types
  • Mark J. Noonan, New York City College of Technology, CUNY
  • Book: Revolutionary Ink
  • Online publication: 16 July 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009700146.005
Available formats
×