Having regained political power, white southern Democrats moved to replace their Reconstruction-era state constitutions although they did not yet dare to repeal black suffrage. Republican politicians protested the disfranchisement of black southern Republicans, but they were unable to revive enforcement. The woman’s movement lobbied unsuccessfully for a woman suffrage constitutional amendment and campaigned – with only limited success – for changes to state laws and constitutions. In 1890, Mississippi wrote a new state constitution that imposed literacy and poll taxes to explicitly disfranchise blacks. At the same time, Republicans failed to pass a new Enforcement Bill, effectively ending federal attempts to protect black suffrage. The woman’s movement recovered from its Reconstruction-era division to form a unified movement, but woman suffrage was still a generation in the future. In 1890, with black men and all women largely disfranchised, only former Confederates could claim the suffrage as a right.