Xenophobia

Taras Kuzio; Michał Wawrzonek

doi:10.1017/9781009645553.014

9 - Xenophobia

from Part IV - International Dimension

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2025

Taras Kuzio and

Michał Wawrzonek

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Taras Kuzio: Affiliation:
National University of Kyiv, Mohyla Academy
Michał Wawrzonek: Affiliation:
Jesuit University Ignatianum, Krakow

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Summary

Putin’s xenophobia is an outgrowth of the belief of Russian imperial nationalists the West is supporting an ‘artificial’ Ukraine and Ukrainian people as a Russophobic conspiracy to divide the ‘Russian’ people and weaken Russia. The Kremlin conjures up a Ukrainian hand in practically every unpleasant event for Russia. Russia has fluctuated between seeking to catch up with the West and viewing the West xenophobically. Russia’s pursuit of good relations with the West was an aberration: Mikhail Gorbachev was preceded by Joseph Stalin and Soviet conservative leaders, while Boris Yeltsin was succeeded by imperial nationalist Vladimir Putin. For liberalisers, catching up with the West was to modernise Russia/USSR, improve its economic and military potential, and attract foreign investment, and technology. For imperial nationalists, the West is a negative ‘Other’ that has imposed alien values on the USSR/Russia, which is spiritually superior. The West and Ukraine are attacked in four ways. Firstly, Western interference in Eurasia, which has always been viewed as Russia’s exclusive sphere of influence. Secondly, Russia’s ruling siloviki are anti-Western xenophobes and possess a Soviet conspiracy mindset. Thirdly, anti-Western xenophobia is linked to a cult of war and search for internal and external enemies. Fourthly, Russian imperial nationalist obsession with Ukraine.

Keywords

Anti-Western Xenophobia Western Conspiracies Russophobia Messianism US-Led Unipolar World Multipolar World Anti-Western Axis of Upheaval China Iran and North Korea.

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Type: Chapter
Information: Russia's War on Ukraine
The Four Roots of Putin's Invasion
, pp. 342 - 381
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009645553.014 [Opens in a new window]
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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