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Chapter 4 - Fetal Development and Routine Maternity Care

from Section 1 - The Perinatal Context

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2026

Liz McDonald
Affiliation:
East London NHS Foundation Trust
Roch Cantwell
Affiliation:
Perinatal Mental Health Service and West of Scotland Mother & Baby Unit
Ian Jones
Affiliation:
Cardiff University
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Summary

This chapter contains an outline of fetal development, describing general organogenesis in the first trimester, and then brain development in the second and third trimesters. The effects of maternal well-being, therapeutic medication, tobacco and alcohol on the developing fetus are explored. Finally, the current format of antenatal care, screening and fetal medicine in the UK National Health Service is described. There is a glossary of common conditions that are diagnosed antenatally, which are not specific to women who take prescribed or recreational drugs. The majority of such women have normal pregnancies and give birth to healthy babies at term.

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