Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 September 2026
Shakespeare’s Hamlet has travelled the world, across genres, languages, periods and media. Its characters have migrated into other plots and poems. Books, articles and courses have traced its travels. One such trajectory begins with the 1827 visit of English actors to Paris. During that visit, Harriet Smithson’s portrayal of Ophelia was such a sensation that it profoundly marked French cultural production throughout the nineteenth century – not only theatre and translation, but also painting, opera, and even seemingly unrelated fields such as psychiatry and medicine. Miss Smithson’s Ophelia inspired Alexandre Dumas (père) and Paul Meurice’s translation into French of Shakespeare’s Hamlet (1847) and subsequently the libretto by Michel Carré and Jules Barbier for Ambroise Thomas’s grand opéra Hamlet, which is my focus here.
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