In the narrative research that forms the basis for this book, 77 participants shared their stories with me or various graduate assistants (listed in the acknowledgements section) from 2011 to 2014. Data consisted of in-depth semi-structured and open-ended interviews (Guion et al., 2011) of 30 minutes or more, which were audio recorded with the iPad app QuickVoice. Interviews were conducted in English, Spanish, French, Chinese or Italian, depending on the interviewer's language abilities and the needs of the interviewee. The IRB at our institution approved participant consent when individuals read the information about the study and agreed to be interviewed. Identifying information about each participant was not taken, as it would have greatly limited the number of willing participants due to the fact that many of the participants were undocumented. Thus, although member-checking occurred with participants who volunteered to be contacted further, member-checking was not possible for many of the participants because I was unable to contact them after the interview. Participants met the purposeful sampling criteria of being a migrant (see Chapter 2 for my definition) who has lived in the receiving country for at least one year, is at least 19 years old and has agreed to be interviewed. The interview protocol was designed to elicit responses about which participants felt comfortable speaking and which allowed for reflection on the immigration process in its entirety, in addition to allowing participant voices to be heard. Thus, interviews more closely resembled conversations. Probing questions were asked by the interviewer to clarify and allow for more detail, but because of the vulnerability of many of the participants (e.g. many were undocumented, living without proper authorization to be there, or they had experienced trauma related to the events recounted) interviewers carefully read participants' verbal and non-verbal signs to make sure they were never forced to talk about information which they felt uncomfortable disclosing.