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2 - Sine Waves and Networks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2026

Richard Collier
Affiliation:
University of Kent, Canterbury
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Summary

This chapter uses the concepts developed in the first chapter to discuss the characteristics of sine waves in transmission lines. A fourth key parameter, the phase constant is shown to be linked to both frequency and velocity. This is used to describe reflections from impedances, standing waves and the input impedance of a length of line. The various examples that follow include the Smith Chart. Next, the transmission coefficient is introduced to describe how waves can go beyond an impedance inserted into a line. This leads onto Scattering Parameters with various examples of their use in measurements. The chapter ends with an analysis of how a sinewave, which has just been switched on, reflects from impedances. Following examples on this topic, there is a discussion about the limits of modulation.

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