The full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 dramatically expanded Russia’s transnational repression, targeting broader populations of emigrants with increasingly diverse methods. The war triggered a massive emigration of politically active Russians, creating new bases for political opposition abroad. Although Russian officials claim disinterest in politically active emigrants, the regime’s actions suggest otherwise. The Kremlin increasingly views these exiles as security threats, reflected in the rise of transnational repression alongside the domestic crackdown on anti-war dissent. While previously focused on high-profile critics, the Kremlin now also targets journalists, activists, and ordinary citizens critical of the regime living abroad. These efforts aim to disrupt information flows, weaken interpersonal and political ties between emigrants and those in Russia, and send clear warnings to critics and rival states about the risks of dissent and escalation. Cooperation from states with weaker rule of law facilitates these efforts, though Russia has also risked direct action in democratic countries. Softer forms of repression like legal repression further discourage political action among Russians abroad: in treating its citizens as perpetually under Russian jurisdiction, the Kremlin ensures that punishment remains a constant threat. Russia’s tactics have inspired similar strategies in other authoritarian states.